SAY SOMETHING BEFORE IT'S TOO LATE!

The odds of military action against Saddam Hussein are growing by the hour. Some observers are even discussing a showdown within the next few weeks. First, the Coalition air power will engage in the destruction of all communication and air-defense units, then the borders along the no-fly zones will be cleared of any remaining Iraqi military operatives in preparation for the internal uprisings from the northern Kurdish groups and southern Shiite factions. Ahmad Chalabi of the Iraqi National Congress, the main opposition group to Saddam, said last Friday that his group has almost 40,000 members ready to fight. The last stage is thought to involve the U.S. Special Forces acting as peace-keepers on one hand, and search teams looking for the missing Tyrant of Baghdad on the other.

The actual plan may be slightly different, but one factor remains unchanged: The Coalition Forces (U.S. & her allies) expect the people of Iraq to rise against their own government and topple Saddam without direct American involvement.

Saddam has only a few options to retaliate against such a plan. The most likely scenario is the use of his short-range (150 km) liquid and solid propellant missiles against the Kurds in the north and Shiites in the south and the major cities in Israel. Chemical and biological weapon will be the probable cargo of these rockets.

Even after Saddam is removed, a possible in-fighting among the Moslem groups may ensue which could possibly result in the death and destruction of Christian homes, looting and killing of our political and spiritual leaders in Iraq.

What must the Assyrians in the North do then? Should they support such an uprising and join the Kurdish and Shiites forces? Or Should they remain neutral and back off from any conflict?

These decisions can only be made by the leadership of the Assyrians in North Iraq. This is the Assyrian Democratic Movement and its capable leader, Rabbie Yacoub Yousip. We, the observers in the West on the other hand, ,must not assume a weak posture and continue watching the mass destruction of the Assyrian homeland from the comfort of our living rooms. We must take all necessary action to establish and maintain a secure environment for the Assyrians in the North and in Baghdad. Whether it is the dictator in Baghdad or the Kurdish and Shiites groups, through our efforts in the next few weeks one thing must be communicated very clearly to the non-Assyrian factions in Iraq: If you dare to harm a single Assyrian citizen of Iraq, you will have to deal with the fury of the Christian and pro-Democracy governments in the West.

There are hundreds of thousands of Assyrians living in the Northern No-Fly Zone and in Central Iraq. Whether they are members of the Church of the East, Chaldean Catholics, or from other Assyrian religious groups, to the average voters outside of the Middle East they are simply Iraqis. Simply said, the voters in America, Europe, and Australia do not recognize Assyrians as a Christian minority with no political, cultural, or religious rights in Iraq. Therefore, it is vital that we engage the media in America, Europe, and Australia in discussing the plight of the Assyrians in Iraq.

Zinda Magazine urges its readers to take action and begin an aggressive letter-writing campaign. Write to your local television stations, newspapers, government representatives, and especially non-Assyrian churches. Let them know who Assyrians are and explain the important fact that Assyrians as a Christian minority need the protection of all Christian groups, churches, and governments during these times. Encourage them to view Zinda Magazine's video "Assyrians in North Iraq" and ask them to visit Assyrian website (zindamagazine.com, atour.com, aina.org, nineveh.com, etc). Find out who the main reporters on the Iraqi issues in the major newspapers are and then email them directly. Do this everyday until someone asks you for more information.

Finally, stay informed! Educate yourself about the Assyrian political groups, leaders of our churches, and pay attention to their speeches and actions. Are they working toward the unity of the Assyrian nation or the promotion of their group's agenda? What are the spiritual leaders of the Assyrian nation in Baghdad, Damascus, and Chicago doing to support our people in Iraq? Do you agree with them?

It is our hope that after the demise of Saddam Hussein all Moslem and Non-Moslem citizens of Iraq will work together to build a better future for every Assyrian, Kurdish, Turkeman, and Arab person in that country. Nevertheless we must also heed the lessons from the past and remember the acts of violence committed by the Moslems against the innocent Assyrian population. Until peace is restored in the Assyrian homeland, it is our obligation to serve the Assyrians in Iraq with our grass-root activism in the West, informing our governments and the citizens of the world about the political struggle of the oldest Christian nation in the Middle East and the only indigenous people of Iraq - the Assyrians.

Please act now and send your first letter today!

ZINDA MAGAZINE ENDORSES ROD BLAGOJAVICH FOR GOVERNOR

(ZNDA: Chicago) On 6 February Zinda Magazine, world's largest and fastest growing Assyrian news medium, announced its endorsement of Congressman Rod Blagojevich (pronounced "Bla-GOYA-vich") for Governor of the State of Illinois in the 2002 Election.

Congressman Blagojevich comes from a background to which many Assyrians families can relate: his father was a prisoner of war during World War II. After the war, his father came to this country with no money. He didn't even speak English. But he got a job at a Chicago steel plant, worked hard, and together with Rod's mother, saved for 15 years to send Rod and his brother to college.

Rod learned the value of hard work from his parents: shining shoes at age 9, delivering pizzas, working in a meatpacking plant, even spending two summers on the Alaskan Pipeline to earn money for college and law school. When you have lived the American Dream, you have a responsibility to make sure other people get the same opportunity.

As a member of the Assyrian Caucus in Washington, Congressman Blagojevich has often urged other colleagues in the Capital Hill to endorse resolutions in support of the Assyrian rights in the Middle East and at home in Illinois.

Rod Blagojevich's Goals:

* Making sure every child can read at grade level by the 3rd grade
* Take steps to ensure that every senior citizen in need benefits from affordable access to prescription drugs.
* Creating over 250,000 new jobs for Illinois.
* Using the State to attract 200 million in private investment to areas left behind by the boom of the 1990's.
* Supporting Mayor Daley's O'Hare expansion, creating 195,000 new jobs.

Rod Blagojevich is also endorsed by:

The AFL-CIO, Citizen Action, Illinois Democratic County Chairman's Association, Illinois Federation of Teachers, IVI-IPO and the Sierra Club.

Zinda Magazine hereby asks its readers in Illinois to vote for Congressman Blagojevich, a staunch ally of the Assyrian people, in the 2002 Election.

For more information:

(773) 681-8900
Rod Blagojevich for Governor
3254 N. Lincoln Avenue
Chicago, IL 60614

OIL-FOR-FOOD" vs. ASSYRIAN PROPERTY RIGHTS IN IRAQ

UNITED NATIONS COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS
Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities

48th Session, item 6
Written statement, submitted 8 August 1996

1. Six years of an effectively applied economic boycott could not fail to take its toll, even if its authors carefully sought to cushion the effects of the UN sanctions regime for the Iraqi population in that they exempted from the beginning food, medicine and other humanitarian supplies. These programs in favor of the Iraqi people (and the way they were handled) developed a dynamic of their own with some unforeseen consequences. The longer the sanctions lasted and produced ever graver effects on Iraq's inhabitants and social fabric, the more effective aid grew into a humanitarian, moral and political imperative. In light of the growing donor fatigue - due to the increasing needs created by natural and man-made disasters taxing the world community's relief resources - it was also indispensable to devise ways and means for financing these humanitarian aid programs for Iraq without reliance on already burdened foreign taxpayers.

2. Accordingly, the United Nations Security Council adopted successively improved "oil-for-food" resolutions SCR 706, 712 and 986, providing notably for covering the external costs of related humanitarian aid programs (1). Thereby, an old and unsettled question, i.e. "Who owns Iraq's oil?", seems to have been overlooked, if not prejudiced without due process - at the expense of the "internationally protected" Assyrian (2), Kurdish, Turkoman and other landowners, and in favor of the Iraqi State. Alternatively, being alerted to this delicate legal problem by way of an internal UN memorandum dated April 1992, the authors of said resolutions seem to have not only recognized the pitfalls but left it to the courts to finally settle eventual claims. For SCR 986 provides immunity against seizure only while "petroleum or petroleum products", or proceeds from them, are "under Iraqi title", suggesting that the Iraqi State, in the event, would have to carry the burden of proof that it has good title for the petroleum resources located in Iraqi territory, i.e. that it obtained these rights with due process and in line with Iraq's international obligations.

3. In 1932, when the League of Nations carved Iraq out of the remains of the Ottoman Empire, Iraq incurred permanently binding international minority protection obligations which were supposed to protect also the Assyrians. These freely accepted obligations cover not only such specific human rights as freedom of practicing the Assyrian's Christian beliefs, language privileges and preferential employment stipulations but, most importantly, the obligation of the Iraqi State to respect the land ownership and other private property as it existed prior to Iraq's independence (3). Some of these rights and special privileges concern in particular the Northern part of Iraq, called the Mosul Vilayet which was conditionally attached to the Kingdom of Iraq in 1925 (4). Iraq thus incurred international obligations which it could not alter unilaterally, and from which it could be relieved only by the League of Nations or, in the event, by the United Nations acting as the League's succesor in accordance with UN General Assembly resolution 24 (I) of 12 February 1946.

4. The conditions under which Iraq obtained its independence have never been altered. The circumstances which gave rise to these international minority protection and other conditions have essentially remained. According to testimony published by the UN Human Rights Commission's Special Rapporteur on Iraq, past and present human rights conditions in Iraq have provided no justification for abrogating any of Iraq's related international obligations (e.g. E/CN.4/1993/45, §§89-126; E/CN.4/1995/138, p.8). Iraq's constitutive international obligations, too have thus remained fully binding (E/CN.4/367/Add.1), in as much as the ruling on South-West Africa, handed down by the International Court of Justice, by analogy, applies to Iraq:

"These obligations represent the very essence of the sacred trust of civilization. Their raison d'être and original object remain. Since their fulfilment do not depend on the existence of the League of Nations, they could not be brought to an end merely because this supervisory organ [i.e. the Council of the League of Nations] ceased to exist. Nor could the right of the population to have the Territory administered in accordance with these rules depend thereon." (ICJ Reports, 1950, p.133).

5. In the above-mentioned internal UN memorandum of April 1992, these legal elements are summed up as follows:

With regard to the oil ownership question, these documents provide a prima facie ownership case in favor of some Turkish citizens and Kurdish tribes in whose ancestral lands the largest oil field, in Kirkuk, is situated. Accordingly, the seizure protection wording of Resolution 712, paragraph 5, may not stand in a tribunal. It is thus advisable to execute Resolutions 706 and 712 either exclusively on the basis of oil pumped from uncontested Iraqi fields not in the Mosul Vilayet area or on the basis of corresponding agreements with the Turkish Government and the involved Kurdish tribes."

6. In addition to the Turkish and Kurdish landowners, the Assyrian community - whose diaspora has a strong foothold in the American economic and political scene - is known to have also significant land claims not only in the Mosul Vilayet but all over Iraq. In this light, serious legal challenges to the UN's "oil-for-food" program are conceivable. Those UN departments which are financially dependent on a smooth implementation and operation of SCR 986 no less than those concerned about the humanitarian fate of the people in either the government- or the Kurdish-controlled part of Iraq would thus be well advised to prepare for alternative solutions. This seems to be the more indicated as SCR 986 can be seen:

1. as a new source of economic and political power, and thus as a direct cause for further infighting between those who have essentially lost the confidence of the people yet continue to be supported by outside forces for "governing" Iraq's non-government-controlled Northern Governorates;

2. as a bailout of the cash-short United Nations;

3. as a formal UN-sponsored transfer of title to the Mosul Vilayet's oil resources from the present, internationally protected Assyrian, Kurdish and Turkoman landowners to the Iraqi State without consultation, compensation or due process; and

4. as being incompatible with the U.S. Constitution in as much as it would deprive U.S. citizens to seek protection for their property rights from a U.S. Court.

7. In contrast, if the landownership rights in the Mosul Vilayet in particular would be respected by all concerned, significant opportunities for effectively safeguarding and promoting human rights in the Mosul Vilayet and beyond could quickly be turned into reality. Inspired by the positive experiences made by the United Nations with interim administrations in Cambodia, Eastern Slavonia and elsewhere, corresponding steps are called for to be taken in- and outside of the UN System by the appropriate bodies (E/CN.4/1994/NGO/48; E/CN.4/1995/NGO/52).

8. Most urgently, the power to distribute humanitarian aid must not be left in the hands of those who no longer have the confidence of the people. In order to provide the necessary de-mining, rebuilding and other services, including the equitable distribution of humanitarian aid, it has become indispensable to replace the present power structure in the Mosul Vilayet with an interim administration which is to be militarily supported by the Allies and which is also acceptable for the neighboring peoples and governments.

9. This sanctions-free and self-financed interim administration must adaquately reflect Middle East customs and traditions, and it must ensure freedom, liberty and justice for all. As such, it would have to provide the necessary services and security, giving the local inhabitants the opportunity to effectively pursue the reconstruction of their villages, churches and homes, and ensuring their civil, human, and property rights. Authorized to develop the local resources and to trade freely, the necessary financial means would no longer depend on ever scarcer taxpayer money. Thus, these resources could finally become a source of regional stability, security and economic well-being.

NOTES

(§) Like the preceding Written Statement "A European Solution to Turkey's Minority Problems" (submitted to the Sub-Commission on 11 August 1995 by another NGO in consultative status with ECOSOC, i.e. the International Committee for European Security and Cooperation), this paper, on grounds which have not been clarified, has yet to be published by the UN Secretariat. Curiously, the editor of these and the other preceding Written Statements (published by the UN), while attending the March 1996 session of the Commission on Human Rights as duly accredited Representative of a third ECOSOC NGO, i.e. the Germany-based World Society of Victimology, was prevented from exercising his functions at the UN in Geneva by an administrative ukase, without due process and in violation of ECOSOC Resolution 1296 (XLIV). This suggests precedent-setting illegal interferences with the work of the United Nations by influential third parties.

(*) prepared in cooperation with John Nimrod, Secretary-General, Assyrian Universal Alliance (7055 North Clark Street, Chicago, Il. 60626, U.S.A.; t:1773-2749262, f: 1773-2745866) and the CORUM Research Group (box 2580, 1211 Geneva 2, Switzerland, t+f:4122-7400362, e: swissbit@solami.com).

(1) in addition to various UN administrative costs and compensation payments for damages incurred in the course of Iraq's occupation of Kuwait.

(2) Assyria is not to be confounded with Syria, even though the Assyrian Empire of some 4000 years ago did indeed embrace all of what is now modern Syria - and much more. Assyria was destroyed as a political system in 612 BC but not as a nation, not as a race and not as a language. However, there are definite and continuous traces of Assyrians throughout history since 612 BC. They were among the first to embrace Christianity in the first century AD, and as a consequence they have suffered persecution and massacres. During the First World War they were invited by Great Britain as an ally, helped win a decisive battle against the Ottoman Empire and were caused to lose two thirds of their population in that war. The British had promised the Assyrians independence, autonomy and a home for all Assyrians. Instead the British mandate in Iraq was terminated and the Assyrians were released to the Iraqi Government, covered by the international minority protection guarantees written into the Declaration of the Kingdom of Iraq of 30 May 1932. Since then Iraq has failed to comply with most articles of its still binding 1932 Declaration (see also: E/CN.4/1995/NGO/52). In particular, Iraq has violated article 14 (covering land ownership rights), and it ignored special rights and privileges that were accorded to the inhabitants of the Mosul Vilayet which, in 1925, were placed under the conditional and limited authority of the Kingdom of Iraq.

(3) Declaration of the Kingdom of Iraq of 30 May 1932, article 14 (E/CN.4/Sub.2/1992/NGO/27).

(4) To the South, the Mosul Vilayet borders on Iraq's Baghdad Vilayet, to the West on Syria, to the North on Turkey and to the East on Iran. It includes the Diala District, as defined in the League of Nations inquiry of 1925. According to the last available census (1920), its surface is 91009 km2, and its inhabitants were 579713 Sunnites, 22180 Shiites, 14835 Jews and 55470 Christians, i.e. mostly Assyrians (Report by HM's Government to the League Council on the Administration of Iraq for the year 1929, p.71).

ASSYRIANS MAY BE RECOGNIZED AS A MINORITY IN TURKEY

Courtesy of Zaman Turkish daily newspaper (Feb 5); translated by Dr. Racho Donef for Atour.com

(ZNDA: Ankara) According to the new Bill on Pious Foundations, which has been presented to the Ministerial Council for signature, for the first time the Lausanne Peace Treaty signed on 24 July 1923 is being violated. (1) In the bill prepared by the Directorate General of Pious Foundations, Assyrians (2) have been listed among minorities living in Turkey.

According to the Lausanne Treaty, in force for 79 years, [only] the Greeks, Armenians and Jews were recognised as minorities. (3)

In the reasons for the Bill, prepared under the leadership of Pious Foundations Director-General Nurettin Yardimci, it is stated that groups which have cohesive race, language and religious characteristics and want to live together among the majority are identified as congregations [cemaat] (4). "In our country there are four non-Muslim [communities] which fit to this description: The Greek, the Armenian, the Jewish and the Assyrian communities". The law on minorities was specified in the Lausanne Treaty signed on 24 July 1923. According to the Lausanne Treaty, among the non-Muslim in Turkey only the Greeks, the Armenians and the Jews were defined as minorities. In the Turkish legal lexicon, the terms minorities and congregations are used synonymously. It is worthy of note that in the Bill only the Assyrians are viewed as "minority". The new Pious Foundation Bill, which is awaiting government approval, completely changes the status of the pious foundations belonging to minorities.

If the Bill becomes law, the regulation, in operation since 1936, prohibiting minority foundations' acquisition of property, will be abolished. From 1 January 2002, in conformity with the views of the ministries of Internal and Foreign Affairs, property that was confiscated by the Pious Foundations Directorate will be listed as property of the minority foundations.

Since 1936, minority pious foundations were not able to acquire property under any circumstances.

In Turkey there are 165 non-Muslim pious foundations: 77 Greek, 52 Armenian, 19 Jewish, 10 Assyrian, 1 Bulgarian, 2 Georgian, 3 Chaldean and one belonging to an artisan guild. The Greek community has 54 schools: 44 primary, nine middle and high schools and one theology school. (5) The Armenian community has 32 schools: 22 primary, 5 middle schools and 5 high schools. The Jewish community has five schools: four primary, one high school.

According to the "Directive on Foreign Schools" formulated in 1953, there is a prohibition on these schools on opening branches or even increasing the number of classes. If the new Law on Pious Foundation passes, these schools will be able to acquire property and set up branches.

TRANSLATOR'S NOTES

There are 5,700 pious foundations administered by the Directorate General of Foundations, which were all remaining from the Ottoman period. Furthermore, there are 160 Community and Artisans' Foundations established by minorities.

(1) This is not correct. Turkey has violated the Lausanne Treaty almost from its inception.

(2) The newspaper uses the term Suryani, in Turkish. The designation 'Assyrian' is considered the most appropriate rendering of the term.

(3) This is not correct either. The text of the Treaty does not identify particular minorities. It has been the practice, however, to treat those three ethnic groups as recognised minorities.

(4) The term can also be translated as 'community'.

(5) Most of these schools are not operating because of the lack of students and the Halki Theological Seminary was closed by the authorities in 1973.

BLAGOJEVICH: "SUPPORT RECOGNITION FOR ASSYRIANS IN IRAQ"

[ZNDA: Washington) Congressman Rod R. Blagojevich (D-IL, 5th Congressional District) is circulating a "Dear Colleague" letter in the House of Representative asking for official constitutional recognition of Assyrians by the current or future government in Iraq. The following is the full text of Rep. Blagojevish's letter:

December 11, 2001

Dear Colleague:

The Assyrian community, including Chaldeans and Syriacs, are the indigenous Christian people of Mesopotamia. The approximately 1.5 to 2 million Assyrians residing in Iraq constitute the third largest demographic population in the country. However, the Assyrians in Iraq are not officially recognized as a people. The Iraqi constitution only recognizes Arabs and Kurds, and, consequently, Assyrians are referred to as "Christian Arabs."

Furthermore, Assyrians pushing for greater recognition are persecuted by the government and are restricted from free cultural, linguistic and religious expression in Iraq in particular, and the region in general. The Assyrian community has faced systematic terror campaigns in Iraq and Assyrian political leaders have been assassinated. Since the Gulf War, Kurdish tribes tied to the ruling parliamentary parties have illegally occupied most of the Assyrian villages razed by the government.

The current War on Terrorism should serve as a reminder of the need for strategic allies worldwide. The United States will benefit by maintaining a supportive relationship with the Assyrian community in Iraq, as well as the Assyrian coalition, who have made great sacrifices to oppose the regime of Saddam Hussein and will continue to work for a unified, democratic, and secular government.

On the reverse is a copy of the letter to President George W. Bush and Secretary of State Colin Powell urging official constitutional recognition for the Assyrian community as a distinct, indigenous people in any future Iraqi reforms.

If you have any questions or need further information on this issue, please feel free to contact David Stricklin at x54061 or via e-mail at david.stricklin@mail.house.gov. Thank you for you consideration.

Sincerely,

Rod R. Blagojevich
Member of Congress

SULEMAN ASSETS SENT OFFSHORE, ELTON JOHN KEEPING HIS MONEY

Courtesy of AAP News & Australian Financial Review (Feb 15)

(ZNDA: Sydney) The Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC) is currently investigating several "agents" working for Mr. Karl Suleman in his KSE group of companies and investments. Mr. Paul Weston, who along with Mr. Cussen is appointed by ASIC to oversee the liquidation of KSE, says "We've moved in the Supreme Court to secure what we call worldwide asset freezing orders in relation to a number of parties" referring to these "agents".

So far actions have been taken against seven such individuals. Mr Weston said three of the seven people who have had their assets frozen were no longer in Australia. Two were believed to have several aliases, and possibly citizenship in other countries, which could make it more difficult to track them. He also said further asset freeze orders could be expected in the coming weeks. The so-called agents were believed to be earning about 10 per cent commission.

Mr Weston and Mr. Cussen would not reveal how much money the agents might have, or where that money might be held. However, Mr Weston said it was common knowledge that some funds were being held in the United States. Working for the the Australian insolvency specialist, Howarth Corp, both men said that they would enlist the assistance of offshore law enforcement agencies to seek the whereabouts of two individuals who promoted the scheme. It is believed that millions of dollars of the 130 million Australian dollars invested in Karl Suleman Enterprizes have left Australia. About $A65 million still has to be accounted for.

Mr Cussen said the liquidators had received two expressions of interest for the chain of Froggy Music stores this week and up to 45 parties had made offers to buy the Froggy Mobiles companies, which include a chain of Froggy mobile phone stores.

The sale of Mr Suleman's ``lifestyle'' assets continues. These include a Lamborghini, three Ferraris, two jet planes and a $3 million Princess motor cruiser, named King, as well as a number of Sydney properties and several racehorses.

The liquidators are also trying to retrieve $300,000 in investors' funds transferred by Mr Suleman as part of an agreement to fund an upcoming concert by Elton John in Sydney. ``We will be negotiating with [the concert promoters] to try to retrieve those funds,'' Mr Weston said. A reported $A300,000 was paid to British pop singer, Elton John, by Suleman's Froggy companies for his forthcoming tour of Australia. Elton John's Australian promoter, Kevin Jacobsen, said on 14 February that the sponsorship money had already been paid to the singer under a deal that had been signed and sealed, and it would not be paid back. The sponsorship agreement for the April tour was worth $A600,000 and Suleman had already paid half.

THE FIRST MODERN ASSYRIAN BIBLE

Yulpane d-men hemezmane d-alaha. [Lessons from the words of God].
Urmia, Persia: [American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions], 1841.
50 p.; 19 cm. [R.B.R. tract BS399.S99 A44 1841]

This small booklet, translated "Lessons from the Words of God," from the the Collection of the Andover-Harvard Theological Library was the first ever printed in modern Syriac or Assyrian. It was printed at the press of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions at Urmia, Persia, in 1841, under the direction of Edward Breath, a missionary and printer. Justin Perkins was, at the time, the head of this early Protestant mission to the Nestorians.

Perkins described in his diary the moment when the first sheet came off the press:

"March 13 [1841]. The proof-sheet of our first tract in the Nestorian language was brought into my study for correction. This is indeed the first sheet, ever printed in that language and character. As it was laid upon my table, before our translators, priests Abraham and Dunka, they were struck with mute astonishment and rapture, to see their language in print; ... As soon as recovery from their surprise allowed them utterance, 'it is time to give glory to God,' they mutually exclaimed, 'that our eyes are permitted to behold the commencement of printing books for our people!' "

The book contains the Lord's Prayer, Ten Commandments, and Bible texts collected on the subjects of lying, theft, swearing, drunkenness, repentance, the new creation, humility, and the Day of Judgment, and (on the back cover) Proverbs 28.9 and Luke 6.47.

It came to the Andover Theological Seminary in 1900 as part of the estate of Isaac H. Hall (1837-96), who was a scholar and collector of Syriac books and manuscripts. It came here when the Andover Seminary Library affiliated with that of the Harvard Divinity School in 1911/12. This is the only known copy.

Dr. J.F. Coakley, Harvard University, found it in the open stacks in the Andover Seminary Library and has since published a brief article, "The First Modern Assyrian Printed Book," in the Journal of the Assyrian Academic Society (v. 9, no. 2, 1995) and also included it in his article "Edward Breath and the Typography of Syriac," in the Harvard Library Bulletin (n.s., v. 6, no. 4, Winter, 1995).

Andover Harvard Theological Library
Cambridge, Massachusetts