An Awakening in San Diego

In times of peace the genuine role of a nationalist is to promote the general welfare of his/her people and improve the status quo by enforcing rules and processes that enable a citizen to raise personal health, wealth, and education. In times of war the nationalist’s job description changes greatly. S/he now focuses away from the process of improvement to that of survival, for international concern over internal pomposity. Since March 2003 Assyria and the Assyrians around the world have been in a state of war. Their homeland is torn asunder and for the first time in their history there are more Assyrians seeking asylum than there are Assyrians living in peace. Two weeks ago in San Diego we had an opportunity to assemble a great number of activists from around the world to put forth an agenda of activism and grassroots campaign, coast to coast, urging everyone to help over one million Iraqi Christians, inside and outside of Iraq, to stay alive. Instead we were dressed up in color purple and voted out of a world organization. Promisingly there was a glimmer of hope felt in the lobby of that sweltering hotel during the four days of snobbishness in San Diego. Our youth has finally awakened.

Royal purple is the color of the Assyrian Democratic Movement’s emblem. From the first day, the conventioneers were garishly subjected to a series of purple treatments: purple wrist-bands, friendly staff wearing purple shirts, tables in the lobby displaying purple propaganda, and testosterone-filled members waving purple flags on the dance floor. Early on we got the point: the Assyrian American National Federation was no longer a non-profit organization established to promote social, cultural, and educational activities among the Assyrian-Americans. It now, unlawfully due to its special non-profit status, favors the outlook of one Assyrian political party over another. To make this worse, the purple leadership of this organization voted AANF out of the largely symbolic yet essential global awareness it helped found in the 1960’s - the greatest Assyrian political experiment we, Assyrians from four continents, conducted in the last 50 years – the Assyrian Universal Alliance.  The timing could not be worse:  just when the United Nations adopts a non-binding declaration on the rights of indigenous peoples, the astute leadership of the AANF withdraws from the AUA, itself a member of the UNPO.

My utmost respect for the political experiences such as the Assyrian Democratic Organization, Assyrian Universal Alliance and the Assyrian Democratic Movement are hardly a secret. In the meantime I boldly scold inane acts of a few mindless leaders, self-appointed within these same organizations who have accepted the sacred responsibility of representing the will of the Assyrian people. For my daring acts of censuring these individuals– many of them my own personal friends – I and this publication are often the subject of legal maneuvers. Nevertheless, neither I nor this publication refrain from reprimanding the misguided. Associating the bad apples with the broken baskets of fruit – our political parties – is foolish. I still think the group of California gold-diggers that went to Iran last month – many of them again my personal friends - and sat down to chat with the mullahs in Tehran acted in folly. But they do not represent the Assyrian Universal Alliance that I know from my personal encounters with their former commanders. The same is true with the leadership of the ADM (Zowaa) in North America. Unjustly and unabashedly it is discounting the social fabric of the Assyrian society in America by siding with one religious leader over another, alienating itself from other political groups, and polarizing the civic groups within each community. Last week I could not even recognize the city of San Jose I left behind some four years ago.  The bad apples running the affairs of Zowaa in America – who now command the affairs of the Assyrian American National Federation – are certainly not representative of the Purple Warriors standing in our classrooms in Dohuk, our medical facilities in Arbil, and in the streets of Beghdede. Pity for our current political establishments which cannot at once stamp out these rotten apples and weave stronger baskets of Alliance, Movement, and hope.

As is true with all Assyrian conventions, it was not all bleak and worthless. The hosting association in San Diego worked very hard to please the thousands of “Assyrians” and a very few Chaldean-Assyrians from Detroit and even fewer from San Diego. Then again, how can you go wrong in a city like San Diego and in a hotel steps away from the splendid sandy beaches of the California coast? Most of us left the loud holler heard from the AANF meeting rooms and enjoyed the walk along the harbor, ate in the Gaslamp Quarter, and laughed about the t-shirts worn during the convention with such statements printed on the front: “Mar Dinkha + Mar Bawai = Mara d'Reesha” (Assyrian for headache) or this one:  “Assyrian / blah / blah” mocking the confused state of identity facing our people.

On Saturday evening I was told that the Bishop of the Chaldean Catholic Church in San Diego refused to come to the convention and to offer his blessings; he had told a group of AANF officials who went to his multi-million dollar residence in the hills of San Diego that this was an “Assyrian convention” and not “Chaldean”. I do not expect much from the likes of Mar Sarhad Jammo, but I am appalled at our civic leaders who continue to grovel before these religious heads whose only aim is to aggrandize their coffers and elevate their own positions. For heaven's sake, leave them alone and let them delete each other with their lawsuits and television shows. We have a nation dying in Jordan and Syria and you are seeking their blessings in San Diego and Chicago? Should these Graces and Holinesses not be walking in the streets of Amman and Damascus instead, assuaging our devastated people's pains, and not praying in El Cajon and Morton Grove?

Although there were not as many educational seminars and conferences as we are accustomed to, two presentations left an indelible impression on their audiences. Ms. Sharokin Betgevargiz spoke about the use of digital art to express the social attributes and emotional state of the Assyrian people in a series of posters she had designed for her Masters thesis. Watching the Assyrian letters, chasing each other, uniformly and conveying strong statements about our modern history in bits and bytes signified the emergence of a new way of thinking and demonstration. During another session a group of activists presented their case for the formation of a new organization – the Chaldean Assyrian Syriac Council of America (CASCA). CASCA is a coalition of the Assyrian American National Federation, the Chaldean Federation of America, the Assyrian Council of Illinois, and the Chaldean Chamber of Commerce. It appears that the main objective of this organization is to voice the concerns of the “Assyrians” and “Chaldeans” and “Syriacs” before the legislative offices in Washington in a more unified fashion. A splendid endeavor indeed. The stars of the show were two young men from Toronto and Detroit, Mr. Michael Youash and Mr. Martin Manna, who eloquently promulgated the importance of acting decisively in Washington, on spending money toward grassroots campaigns and lobbying, and presenting the case of the “Assyrian Chaldean Syriacs” before the decision makers in the U.S. Capitol.

Let’s talk a little about the name “Assyrian Chaldean Syriac”! This convention was supposed to be about “one-ness” of the three segments of the ____ nation.  I prefer to fill in the blank with the word Assyrian. In San Diego I discovered that I am not in the minority. Most of us at the convention called ourselves either Assyrian or Chaldean-Assyrian, which made sense to me if I were an Assyrian with affinity for the Chaldean Catholic Church.  On the other hand, a few individuals from Europe who were introduced as “Syriacs” vehemently opposed the name and even scolded the rest for calling them anything but Assyrian. One young man from Europe said the following to a group of compound name sympathizers: “For decades we have been fighting our Churches in Europe and the Middle East that have been tormenting and excommunicating us for using the name ‘Assyrian’ and here you are asking us to call ourselves ‘Syriac’ just so we can fit into your American game of identity politics?” I was humbled by this young man’s statement. In fact this opposition to compounding our identity crisis by using the compound name was resolutely demonstrated when the young members of the “Assyrian Chaldean Syriac Students Union” changed its name to the “Assyrian Youth Council of America”.

The Assyrian youth is clearly rebelling against the eccentric nature of our politics in America. They were openly mocking the battles between Mar Bawai and Mar Dinkha, Zowaa and AUA, AUA and AUA, Mar Zakka and the bishops in Europe, on and on. Their rebellion was written on their T-shirts, caps, spoken in heated discussions at the restaurants and by the water pools. One 17-year-old looked quite serious when she was shouting to an older boy: “How can you separate Babylon from Nineveh, dude. It’s like saying Washington and Sacramento belong to different people.” Music to my ears!

I was overjoyed when I discovered that at their meeting, the gathered Assyrian youth discussed a trip to Assyria's northern Iraq region.  They're calling it "Destination Assyria 2008".  What an incredible idea to have an exchange beetween the students from the lands of Khabour, Nineveh, Tur-Abdin, and Urmia with those in Europe, Australia, and North America.

In San Diego no stone was left unturned. Some even turned their wrist-bands inside out to protest imposition of the Zowaa branding at a general convention of the Assyrian people ( I was among them). I even heard one brilliant young Assyrian lady asking a fanatic religious person the following question: “What makes people like you think that your form of religion is better than what our ancestors followed before Christianity. Theirs at least lasted for 4700 years. Yours has already divided us four times in the last 500 years.” This time I was hearing angels singing in the background.

My wife and I walked out of the Sunday’s Banquet when the Iraq Sustainable Democracy Project’s Michael Youash was called on to the stage as a “Zowaa Guard”. I admit that I’m getting tired of my walk-outs from the Banquets. At least this one was done after the serving of the dinner. The last time I attended the Banquet in Boston and walked out was when Mar Bawai Soro (this is before the infamous Synod decision) gave the main speech. I detest the inclusion of religious leaders in public affairs (surprised?) due to my strong conviction for the separation of Church and State. ISDP is not a tool of Zowaa, as the president of the AANF wants us to believe and Mr. Youash is not in Washington to enforce the Zowaa brand of politics. The AANF president, Mr. Aladin Khamis and his Chicago troop, mistake an “Iraq Project” with “Zowaa Project”. Iraq is not synonymous with Zowaa and the more our conventions, federations, bishops, and youth are draped in purple color, the more backlashes can be expected in the future.

On Sunday afternoon delegates from the more than 30 organizations representing the Federation in the U.S. were avidly discussing splitting off from the Federation and forming a new group. Organizations from the East and the West coast regions are rightfully weary of the Chicago-only politics of the AANF. The threats are serious, as I was told that as many as eight organizations had already expressed their desire to leave the AANF within the next few months. Sounds familiar? First the splitting of the Church of the East and now the break-up of the AANF. See any common pattern of mishap here? Maybe a shade of color between pink and blue?

I hate the Monday of the convention weekend. That’s when most of us begin the journey home. After four days of spending every hour of our time in close proximity to another Assyrian we had to return to our other identities, as Americans, Canadians, Swedes, Germans, etc. Some even change their flight to a later time or to Tuesday morning. This only prolongs the pain of departure.

We left San Diego without any firm decisions on what we ought to be doing for the one million displaced Assyrian-Iraqis. Much like the Assyrian artists – Ninos Chammo and Paul Batou – who were offhandedly placed with their masterpieces in the basement-floor of the convention hotel, the Assyrian refugee crisis was largely ignored. An issue too large to tackle by those of us too busy waving Zowaa signs and spending Adam Benjamin’s funds for something other than the education of our youth, the refugees crisis was tabled – yet again. I understand that Michael Youash was going to include this issue in his keynote speech at the Sunday Banquet, but his talk was canceled since the other petty speeches went on almost until midnight.

Had it not been for the energy of the youth at this convention I may have not even bothered with an editorial this week. But the youth has awakened. Other than a few bible-thumping and/or zowaa-crazed individuals the majority of our young minds is delightfully oblivious to these effervescent emotional trips of our days. They were discussing the importance of the writings of our early fathers of the Church, rather than wasting their precious time discussing Mar Dinkha vs Mar Bawai’s extravagant legal expenditures.  They pondered about the establishment of a lobby in Brussels, while their elders were removing themselves from a larger body of Assyrian alliance. They even discussed ways to tackle the refugee issues, teach Assyrian language using new technnologies, talked about the social concerns affecting their peers including drugs, juvenile crime, homosexuality, and the 2008 presidential elections.  These were not discussed in the meeting rooms, but next to the pool tables over glasses of Guinness and Cosmopolitans. I only wish that instead of more divisions and secessions, we could focus on our Under-35 generation and give them more space to run our affairs for us.  Let go of your miserable bickering and throw away the dinosaurs moving aimlessly in the hallways of the conventions. It’s humiliating to see so many ancient faces at the AANF meetings and hardly anyone in his or her 20’s.  The result of one such informative discussions is the brilliant article in this week's The Lighthouse by Mr. Ramsin Canon.

The “one-ness” we desire comes not from painting all of us with one color, rather respecting all colors individually and allowing them to flash separately. The key is to focus our attention on a common goal - the right to our self-determination envisioned in the formation of the Nineveh Plains in Iraq. 

Our religious and national leaders have failed us and the youth is rebelling more fervently than ever. As they should! This is a step forward and must be encouraged by dismissing the rotting apples and the fanatic few. The sooner we accomplish this task the quicker we reach consensus on adopting national plans for the fate of our refugees and their return to the Nineveh Plains, the welfare of our people living in the war zones of Iraq, and our own future away from the homeland.

Looking forward to the next convention!

Toward A New Organizing Model

Ramsin Canon
Chicago

Maybe the only thing Assyrians enjoy more than forming new organizations is complaining about them. This is understandable. However, the purpose of organizations is to organize, and the purpose of organizing is power. There is nothing wrong with an organization, properly run, that wants power. And there’s nothing shameful in wanting power. We all want power in one way or another. The problem with so many organizations is that they long ago ceased to organize, preferring instead a so-called “service model” wherein they chose specific services to provide in exchange for resources they would disperse according to specific needs. Even where our organizations do choose to organize, they do so by trying to assume control of existing resources, rather than trying to build new avenues to greater resources. In other words, everybody bites at the same tiny little pie, instead of making sure there is a steady supply of ingredients to always increase the pie.

Put simply: we as a nation do not organize. Our self-hatred, apathy, and pettiness conspire to convince us, despite all reason (and no real evidence) that Assyrians are somehow uniquely “un-organizeable”. That is ludicrous.

To organize effectively, you cannot organize simply for political support, or to fight one issue. You have to start with a value. In our case, that is easy. There is essentially one central value:

“There exists a nation called “Assyrian” and this nation has an explicit right to self- determination.”

This is actually a specific application of a bigger value you must accept:

“Might does not make right: there are such things as inalienable rights for all people.”

If there exists a nation called Assyrians that has a right to self-determination, then we know, too, something else:

“Currently, Assyrians are denied that right.”

We now have a value, and a reality that conflicts with that value.

What is to be done?

Most basically, we can say:

Those individuals who make up the Assyrian Nation must protect that right to self- determination.

Which means, first, we need to attain it. Easier said than done. Of course it is difficult, but it is certainly not impossible. It isn’t impossible because the process of fighting to attain it—organizing—has its own value. So long as we organize, in other words, even if we lose a fight here or there, our strength grows; our social networks grow more resilient and versatile. Our ability to mobilize resources sharpens.

Organizing around a value, rather than an issue, personality, or party, guides your work. When a situation confronts an organization dedicated to organizing around values, you have only one question to ask: “Does this conform with our values?”

If the answer is yes, then you act on it. If not, you ignore it or in some cases oppose it.

Every indigenous group and human rights organization on Earth has a common value:

There is such a nation, X, and that nation has an explicit right of self-determination.

By making common cause with those groups, we are helping ourselves, because we advance this value among the general population. The current resistance of our leadership to engaging the public generally and other groups particularly stems as much from insecurity as a supposed belief that it is a waste of time. It isn’t a waste of time: by simply lending support—a statement, a delegate, a press release—we can amplify our own righteousness and seriousness, as well as increase our visibility and access to valuable governmental, political, financial, and other resources. Wherever minority rights are trampled, our values are implicitly attacked. Wherever violence is used indiscriminately to achieve political aims, our values are threatened. We do not exist in a vacuum, and are not fighting other “groups” but a broken international system that needs structural changes.

It’s very easy for the current generation in leadership to build organizations with aims to buttress political aspirations in our homeland, and it is easy for people to criticize them. Frankly, given that we exist in Diaspora, it’s a low-risk hobby. These low-risk debating clubs are reinforced by a mindset that is preoccupied with political machinations “back home.”

This is a betrayal of our brothers and sisters in the Assyrian Nation everywhere. As citizens of foreign nations—particularly in America, which has a foreign policy that affects the domestic policies of nearly every nation on Earth—we have a duty to raise our influences in our new countries. By simply wielding that influence, we make our entire Nation stronger. We are all co-equal in this Nation—Assyrians in the Nineveh Plains are not “more” Assyrian than Assyrians in Sweden, India, Australia, or America. The tendency to “rate” Assyrianness by geography is not only a betrayal of ourselves, but of each other: it makes it possible to alternately shrug off responsibility, or inflate self-importance. What is true is that those in the ancestral lands of Assyrians are on the front lines in our fight for survival. Our job is not to interfere, but to understand that by making the Nation strong in one place, our overall strength increases.

Even if we were successful in our efforts to interfere with politics in the homeland and Assyrians won some level of self-determination in Iraq, what would we do then? Retire? Stop? Is that what the Jews did after 1948? To the contrary: that when Diaspora political power became even more vital. Organizing is never finished, because you never have enough power.

There exists a Nation called Assyrian.

Meaning all Assyrians, everywhere. For those who deny their Assyrian-ness one of two things will happen: (a) they will shout loudly and watch as an organization builds power, or (b) they will be attracted to that power and success.

Those who are organizing believe in their values. Those who don’t share those values can be won over, but that is not our purpose; our purpose is to win power. Those deniers will come around, swayed by organizing successes. If they continue to deny even then, why worry about them? Let them wallow in their irrelevance.

People see strength, and make it power by supporting it. People see vacillation and mock it.

Break it down: organizing is the process of arranging like and unlike objects in a manner that allows them to act in concert for their shared interests and values. Again, the purpose of organizing is power; the purpose of power is to enact our values.

But what is the reality on the ground?

The reality is that current leadership, despite sincere best efforts, is outdated, generally ineffective, plagued with ancient and more recent schisms, biases, and positive-feedback models that discourage progress. Partially this is because they are constantly dealing with emergency situations. But the fundamental model—of service organizations attempting to build political power—is wrong.

The idea that high-level maneuvering, like lobbying activities, is sufficient to build power is also wrong. Although necessary for advancing our values, it is by no means sufficient. The Chiefs can agree and sign treaties, but if they don’t have the Indians behind them, it’s just paper.

Assyrians are one Nation with a right to self-determination. We have a duty to advance this value by organizing for political power, and the current organizations are too compromised to accomplish this, and are build around individuals, tribes, clans, and specific social networks. We have to always be organizing—wherever we are, and that process of taking power in the name of that value will naturally help Assyrians “back home”.

How do you organize?

Constantly. Everything must be seen as an opportunity to take power and grow stronger.

Without Dependence. This organization must be member-run and funded. This means dues-payers who power a fundraising operation.

Without Fear. People’s feelings will get hurt, and some people will fight you out of fear, jealously, or ignorance. Expect it. Is that a reason not to organize?

With Developed Leadership. Leadership is developed, not assigned or appointed. Leadership development is a process whereby individuals are challenged with tasks that require problem solving, cunning, hard work, and confrontation. Those who meet the challenges will naturally move into leadership roles. Those who don’t are still made better by the experience.

With Organizational Discipline. Organizations built around values can demand strict organizational discipline—or loyalty to the organization—because there is no cult of personality. Criticism and debate must be absolutely protected so long as it remains internal and open. The former keeps your enemies from exploiting rifts, and the latter keeps back biting and factionalism to a minimum.

Within a Larger Context. At their core, our values are universal. By isolating ourselves from other groups that share them, we only deny ourselves access to resources and exposure.

With Militancy. Believe in your values not because you should, but because you’ve considered them seriously. Accepting that, believe in yourself and your organization and never shrink from a fight or from a confrontation.

Without Entangling Alliances. In organizing, there are no permanent friends, only permanent issues. We may work with other groups, institutions, and parties around a specific issue when that cooperation advances our values. But no friend is more valuable than our values.

Perhaps it is impossible—maybe we are, in fact, unorganizeable. But even if that absurd statement is true, all we risk losing is our time. And if that’s too big a sacrifice, then perhaps you were never of use to your nation in the first place.

Ramsin Canon lives and works in Chicago as a political consultant and writer. His writing can be found at TimeOut Chicago, GapersBlock.com, among other publications. He can be reached at RC@gapersblock.com.  Another article by Mr. Canon appears in this issue of Zinda under the Literatus section.

Assyrian General Conference Statement of Denunciation

Media Center
Nineveh, Iraq

September 6, 2007

On 4 September 2007 a member of the Assyrian General Conference in the Nineveh Governorate was attacked by the Kurdish Peshmergas known as the GCC and supported by the occupying forces, near the Nineveh hotel in the region.  They beat, insulted, and took him to one of their centers near the hotel without any reason or motive.

We, at the Assyrian General Conference, condemn this cowardly attack and hold the Iraqi government responsible as a result of these actions by the militias, especially in the Nineveh Governorate under the guise of security forces. We also call upon the Iraqi government to purge of the Iraqi national security apparatus of these corrupt factions to better serve Iraq.

Glory and Eternity to our Martyrs
Long live united Iraq

Number of Cholera Cases in Northern Iraq Doubles

Courtesy of UN News Centre
12 September 2007

(ZNDA: Arbil)  The number of people struck by a cholera outbreak in Northern Iraq has doubled to 16,000 people but the death toll remains the same at 10, the United Nations health agency has reported.

“The good news was that, although the disease has spread, the number of deaths has remained the same,” UN World Health Organization (WHO) spokesperson Fadéla Chaib told a news briefing in Geneva.

That is an indication that the measures taken to deal with the outbreak are having an effect, she said.

WHO’s representative for Iraq, who is normally based in Amman, has made a number of trips to the north of Iraq as well as to Baghdad to talk to the authorities and coordinate with them on this issue.

WHO has also pre-positioned 10 Interagency Diarrhoeal Disease kits, each with the capacity to treat 100 severe cases, in order to ensure adequate supplies of essential drugs and other medical and laboratory supplies.

Between 23 August and 10 September, at least 6,000 people have been reported with diarrhoeal diseases in Sulemaniya province and almost 7,000 in Kirkuk province. Since 6 September the outbreak has spread to Erbil province, causing at least 3,000 cases. On Monday WHO put the number of infected at over 7,000 and said the epidemic put over 2.8 million people at risk from exposure to the infectious and sometimes fatal disease.

It is unclear what caused the outbreak, but initial investigation show some evidence that, in Sulemaniya, polluted water that residents were forced to rely on due to a shortage of drinking water may have been to blame. In Kirkuk, cracked water pipes allowed contamination by sewage, and because of the close geographic proximity the outbreak spread to Erbil.

The continuous movement of people and cargo, bad sanitary conditions and high temperatures may increase the possibility of spreading the disease rapidly to other areas such as Baghdad and the central provinces, health officials have warned.

Cholera is an acute intestinal infection caused by ingestion of food or water contaminated with the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. It causes watery diarrhoea that can quickly lead to severe dehydration and death if treatment is not promptly given. About 80 to 90 per cent of cases are mild or moderate and are difficult to distinguish clinically from other types of acute diarrhoea. Less than 20 per cent of ill people develop typical cholera with signs of moderate or severe dehydration.

Iraqi Refugees

About 2 million Iraqis are displaced inside Iraq, and an estimated 2.2 million more have fled to Syria, Jordan and other neighboring countries, where they are straining local resources and threatening to destabilize host communities, the United Nations has reported. With 60,000 Iraqis fleeing their homes each month, Jordan largely closed its borders to Iraqis earlier this year, and Syria said yesterday that it will begin requiring visas for Iraqis at the conclusion of Ramadan next month, essentially closing off exit routes from the country.

In response, the U.S. government has provided more than $122 million in refugee aid to Iraq's neighbors this year, and U.S. allies are accepting tens of thousands of refugees. Washington also has expanded from 50 to 500 an annual quota on visas for Iraqis working as interpreters and translators for the U.S. Embassy and military, and in February it promised to process 7,000 refugees by Sept. 30, although U.S. officials later said they expected only 2,000 to be admitted to the United States by then.

According to the U.S. ambassador to Iraq, Ryan C. Crocker, it may take the U.S. government as long as two years to process and admit nearly 10,000 Iraqi refugees referred by the United Nations for resettlement to the United States, because of bureaucratic bottlenecks.  Following is a series of articles provided courtesy of the UN News Centre on the current state of the Iraqi refugees outside of their country.

Tens of Thousands of Iraqi Refugee Children Kick off School Year in Syria

12 September 2007

(ZNDA: Damascus)  As the new school year kicked off last week in Syria, tens of thousands of Iraqi refugee children started classes there with help from United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR).

Since early this year, Syria has been preparing to accommodate 100,000 Iraqi students in its schools during the 2007-2008 academic year, up from some 33,000 last year. UNHCR estimates that 1.4 million Iraqis – 250,000 of them of school age – who have fled the violence in their homeland are currently living in Syria.

Laurens Jolles, the agency’s representative in Syria, said the Iraqi children there are the future of their country. “Many have already missed out on a considerable amount of their education, both in Iraq and as refugees in Syria. It is one of our top priorities to support the Ministry of Education to accommodate the tens of thousands of Iraqi children who want to enroll in schools.”

UNHCR has several plans – such as transportation to other schools with space, temporary classrooms and providing extra funding to pay teachers’ salaries for school with double-shift systems – in place to aid schools overwhelmed by applications from Iraqi children.

With the support of the Syrian Red Crescent, UNHCR has distributed school uniforms to more than 11,000 school children in the past two weeks, and aims to supply another 9,000 more in the coming months.

“My dream in life is to be a doctor,” said 16-year-old Nada, who is attending school for the first time in two years. “I find it really hard to study in Syria – my whole life is disrupted. Although I wish I could return to my life in Iraq, I am grateful that I have the opportunity to study again.”

She graduated as one of the top 10 students in the Baghdad region in June 2005, but her family fled to Syria after the murders of three of her uncles and the kidnapping of another.

In July, UNHCR and the UN Children’s Fund (UNICEF) issued a joint appeal for $129 million to support the education of Iraqi refugees in the region, and they have also established an Emergency Education Taskforce to tackle the issues preventing Iraqi refugees from receiving schooling. By the end of this year, UNHCR expects to have given more than $20 million to the Syrian Ministry of Education, with that figure to increase in 2008.

According to UNHCR's reports earlier this year, as many as 40 percent of the Iraqi refugees in Syria and Jordan are Christian Iraqis.

Iraqis Prevented from Entering Syria by New Visa Rules

11 September 2007

(ZNDA: Baghdad)  Many Iraqis fleeing violence in their home country have found their entry into Syria cut off because of new visa restrictions which went into effect yesterday, according to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR).

With the exception of certain professional categories – for commerce, science, transport and education – Iraqi refugees must apply for visas at the Syrian Embassy in Baghdad’s Al Mansour district, the scene of frequent sectarian violence. UNHCR has been told by Iraqis that traveling to the district to apply for visa poses great danger to them.

“The regulations effectively mean there is no longer a safe place outside for Iraqis fleeing persecutions and violence,” the agency’s spokesperson Ron Redmond told reporters in Geneva. “An estimated 2,000 Iraqis flee their homes daily inside the country, so we are increasingly concerned about their fate as their options for safety are reduced.”

The Government has not released the exact details of the new visa rules. Although UNHCR is appealing for Iraqi refugees to be granted a visa on humanitarian grounds, Mr. Redmond noted that it is too early to ascertain whether Syria is making exceptions to the new policy for people escaping violence and persecution.

The spokesman acknowledged that Syria “of course has been extremely generous in accepting some 1.4 million Iraqis with only limited international support,” adding that UNHCR has received assurances from Government sources that the country will not deport Iraqi refugees residing in Syria.

According to the agency, over 4.2 Iraqis have fled their homes, with 2 million in neighbouring countries and 2.2 million displaced within Iraq.

Meanwhile, UNHCR Goodwill Ambassador and Egyptian film star Adel Imam arrived today for a two-day mission in Syria to see first-hand the difficulties faced by the hundreds of thousands of Iraqi families uprooted by conflict.

He is scheduled to hold meetings today with the Syrian First Lady, Government officials and the head of the Syrian Arab Red Crescent. Mr. Imam will also meet with Iraqi refugees at the UNHCR registration in Douma and at health clinics.

The Goodwill Ambassador’s visit is taking place just as the school year is kicking off in Syria, where the Government recently announced that it will allow Iraqi children to enroll in public schools.

In another development, UNHCR today welcomed Chile’s decision to receive 100 Palestinian refugees living in destitute conditions on Iraq’s border with Syria and Jordan for several years.

The agency has repeatedly called for a human solution for Palestinian refugees – some received preferential treatment under Saddam Hussein and have become targets for attack since his overthrow in 2003 – who fled to Iraq after the creation of Israel in 1948. Nearly 20,000 of them have already fled but an estimated 15,000 still remain in the country, mostly in Baghdad.

In July, Brazil announced it would resettle 117 Palestinian refugees, and this process will begin shortly. Nearly two dozen Latin American nations signed an agreement to resettle refugees, and the Palestinians are the first from outside the region to benefit from the programme.

Pope Discusses Exodus of Christians with Syrian Leader

Courtesy of the Catholic News Service
6 September 2007
By John Thavis

(ZNDA: Vatican)  Pope Benedict XVI met with Syria's vice president to discuss the exodus of Christian and other refugees from Iraq, many of whom have fled to Syria.

Later, the Syrian vice president met for separate talks with Archbishop Dominique Mamberti, the Vatican's top foreign affairs expert.

The Vatican said the discussions focused on Syria's efforts to host hundreds of thousands of Iraqi refugees and on Syria's requests for aid from international agencies.

Also on the agenda were the problems and conditions of Christians in Syria and what the Vatican termed the "decisive contribution that Syria can give in order to overcome the serious crises that afflict many populations of the Middle East."

Syria is now home to an estimated 1.5 million Iraqi refugees, and Syrian officials have said the international community has not helped the country to deal with the influx. With at least 30,000 new refugees arriving each month, Syria recently established visa restrictions to limit the number.

Many of those arriving in Syria have been Iraqi Christians who have fled their homeland because of increasing violence and religious discrimination. Humanitarian experts say as many as half of Iraq's Christians, believed to have once numbered more than 1 million, may have left the country since the U.S.-led invasion of 2003.

The pope's meeting with the Syrian vice president came the day before he was scheduled to meet with Israeli President Shimon Peres for talks expected to touch on the Middle East conflicts and the financial and legal status of Catholic organizations in Israel.

UN Asks Lebanon to Continue Protecting Iraqi Refugees

7 September 2007

(ZNDA: Beirut)  A United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) official has asked Lebanon to continue protecting the 40,000 Iraqi refugees and asylum seekers who have fled their country.

Following a three-day visit to neighboring Syria, UNHCR Assistant High Commissioner for Protection Erika Feller is in Lebanon to meet with authorities to raise the agency’s concern about the detention – especially prolonged and indefinite detention – of refugees and asylum seekers.

Ms. Feller has expressed appreciation for Lebanon’s flexible and humanitarian approach towards Iraqi refugees, in spite of the complexity of the Lebanese situation and in light of the country’s security concerns. She asked the Government to find a balance between Lebanon’s security needs and the refugees’ humanitarian concerns.

The Commissioner visited Roumieh Prison, the largest in the country, in which 400 people of concern to UNHCR, mostly Iraqis, are being detained mainly for illegal entry or stay. She met with Iraqis in their cells, where she witnessed their conditions first-hand and heard of their plights in fleeing their country.

“Of particular concern is the fact that many refugees suffer prolonged detention periods, even beyond the normal expiry of their sentence, with no prospect of release in sight unless they agree to return to Iraq,” UNHCR spokesperson Ron Redmond told reporters in Geneva.

Of the countries in the region, Lebanon has the largest number of detained refugees and asylum seekers, he added. Only 7,878 of the estimated 40,000 Iraqis in the country have registered with UNHCR, although numbers have risen in recent months.

In Syria, the Commissioner met with Syrian authorities, UNCHR’s partners on the ground and Iraqi and Palestinian refugees. At Al Tanf camp, situated in the no-man’s land between Iraq and Syria which shelters 350 Palestinian refugees from Iraq stranded there since last April, refugees appealed for a solution to their plight. They told Ms. Feller that life in the camps is no longer sustainable and that they deserve to be treated like human beings.

On 6 September Ms. Feller stopped at Bint Jbeil, a village in Lebanon’s south which was severely damaged during last summer’s Israel-Hizbollah war, and she noted that the humanitarian consequences of the conflict were still very visible.

While in Bint Jbeil, she saw the progress made in implementing a UNHCR-run and European Commission-funded recovery project which aims to assist vulnerable displaced Lebanese and returnees.

Meanwhile, Deputy Secretary-General Asha-Rose Migiro last night paid tribute to the work of UN peacekeepers serving with the UN Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL).

“The men and women of UNIFIL illustrate what is most noble about United Nations peacekeeping,” she said last night at the opening of an exhibition on the mission. “They come from every corner of the globe. They are united in their mission for peace. They display professionalism and courage under difficult and even dangerous circumstances.”

She noted how UNIFIL is crucial in supporting “Lebanon’s independence, sovereignty, territorial integrity and security, as well as stability in the wider region,” and also paid tribute to those who lost their lives in last year’s hostilities.

U.N. Adopts Indigenous Rights Declaration

Courtesy of BBC
14 September 2007

(ZNDA: New York)  The United Nations General Assembly has adopted a non-binding declaration on the rights of indigenous peoples after 22 years of debate.

The document (click here) proposes protections for the human rights of native peoples, and for their land and resources.

It passed despite opposition from Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the United States. They said it was incompatible with their own laws.

There are estimated to be up to 370 million indigenous people in the world.

They include the Innu tribe in Canada, the Bushmen of Botswana and Australia's Aborigines.

Campaigners say they are under greater pressure than ever, as developers, loggers, farmers and mineral extractors move in on their land.

'Important symbol'

The Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples calls on countries to give more control to tribal peoples over the land and resources they traditionally possessed, and to return confiscated territory, or pay compensation.

The General Assembly passed it, with 143 countries voting in favour and 11 abstaining.

Four nations - Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the United States - each with large indigenous populations, voted against.

Australia said it could not allow tribes' customary law to be given precedence over national law.

"There should only be one law for all Australians and we should not enshrine in law practices that are not acceptable in the modern world," said Indigenous Affairs Minister Mal Brough.

A leader of a group representing Canada's native communities criticised his government's decision to oppose the declaration.

"We're very disappointed... It's about the human rights of indigenous peoples throughout the world. It's an important symbol," said Phil Fontaine, leader of the Assembly of First Nations.

Assyrians are considered the indigenous people of Iraq, Syria, Iran, and Turkey - the four countries whose areas partially or totally encompass the lands were for centuries occupied by the ancient Assyrians.  All four countries were in favor of the Resolution signed on 13 September 2007.

Assyrians in Gen. Patraeus Testimony Before U.S. Senate

Following is a transcript of Nebraska's Senator Ben Nelson’s comments and questions during the Senate Armed Services Committee hearing. It includes comments from General David Patraeus and the U.S. Ambassador to Iraq, Ryan Crocker:

BEN NELSON: Thank you, Mr. Chairman. And let me add my appreciation, publicly, to you both for your service.

Before the surge in Baghdad, do we know what the mix was of residents of Sunnis, Shias and others, approximately?

PETRAEUS: What we have, Senator, is, literally, is a map that shows reasonably where there were predominantly Sunni, predominantly Shia, predominantly mixed.

PETRAEUS: And we have continued to track that. And tragically, one of the outcomes of the ethno-sectarian violence has been hardening of those certain areas into either more exclusively Shia or Sunni and the diminution of some of the mixed neighborhoods.

BEN NELSON: Well, in addition, has it resulted in a loss of Sunni residents in Baghdad, as well?

PETRAEUS: There has been displacement of Sunnis from Baghdad throughout the sectarian violence. And of course -- again, this is why we have focused on that subset that I mentioned, of overall deaths, the ethno-sectarian deaths, because that is the cancer that just keeps eating at the fabric of Iraqi society. And it won't stop if it is not stopped. It's not going to stop until something does, in fact, stop it. And in this case, it is coalition and Iraqi forces stabilizing those neighborhoods and then trying to achieve a sustainable situation for the way ahead.

BEN NELSON: Well, do we know what the percentage of loss of Sunnis is in the Baghdad area?

PETRAEUS: Sir, I don't have the...

BEN NELSON: 10 percent, 20 percent loss? PETRAEUS: I couldn't -- could not hazard a guess. They have -- there has been substantial Sunni Arab displacement from Baghdad. There has also been tragic displacement of Assyrian Christians from Baghdad. Those two, probably, most of all.

BEN NELSON: And out of the south. Out of the southern Shia region as well, it's my understanding. There's been an exodus of Christians from south. Were you aware of that?

PETRAEUS: Sir, I am less aware of that and more aware of the challenges to Assyrian Christians in Baghdad and also in some of their former areas in northern Iraq.

BEN NELSON: I've heard that there may have been displaced as many as 800,000 Christians in the Shia regions in southern Iraq. Ambassador Crocker, do you know anything about that?

CROCKER: No, sir, I don't. I'll certainly check into that. We are in regular touch with Christian representatives, and I am, myself. Their concerns have been focused on Baghdad and areas to the north. I never heard them raise a problem in the south.

BEN NELSON: It's my understanding that the problem is with the militias and the ethno-cleansing that is going on there as well.

PETRAEUS: Sir, I think, literally, it may be South Baghdad. There's one area, in particular, of Southeast Baghdad that was, in fact, the Dora area a -- in Assyrian Christian, or Christian, in general, enclave from which there has been tragic displacement.

BEN NELSON: I think they really had a reference to both, so if we would check, that would be helpful.

And you mentioned that when it comes to the south, that there have been loss of a couple of governors. A couple of governors sitting here thought that might be -- former governors sitting here thought that might be fairly significant.

PETRAEUS: It is very significant, sir.

Rep. Anna Eshoo's Letter to Washington Post

Following is the complete text of Rep. Anna Eshoo (D-California) printed in the Washington Post on 3 September 2007 titled "Mr. Bush Has Forsaken Iraq's Minorities":

Nina Shea's op-ed called attention to the important issue of protecting the diminishing number of religious and ethnic minorities in Iraq (click here). As a first-generation American whose Assyrian grandparents fled their ancestral homelands in what is now the northern border area between Iraq and Iran, I've worked with congressional colleagues for years to address the plight of Iraq's minority populations. Unfortunately, the Bush administration has ignored our bipartisan calls for action.

In 2005, I offered language, approved unanimously by the House, to encourage the State Department to direct its attention to the needs of Iraq's indigenous religious minorities. Nothing has happened since then.

Meanwhile, the exodus of Iraqi minorities has intensified. In June, 73 members of Congress joined me in writing to President Bush urging him to take seriously the grave warnings expressed to him by Pope Benedict XVI regarding Iraq's endangered Christian population. There has been no response. Again in June, the House passed the foreign operations appropriations bill with $10 million in aid to Iraqi minorities living in the Nineveh Plains. The administration has threatened a veto over unrelated concerns.

Iraq's minority communities have endured for more than 2,000 years, even under brutal despots. Under the United States' watch, the seeds of a diaspora have been sown, and these communities, cultures and historical legacies are on the brink of extinction.

It's time for the administration to abandon the policy of neglect and join with Congress to ensure that these communities have the assistance they need to persevere and flourish within Iraq for many generations to come

USCIRF to Secretary Rice: U.S. Must Address Threats to Religious Minorities in Iraq

The U.S. Must Take Action!!!!

September 7, 2007 — The U.S. Government needs to take action. That was the message from the United States Commission on International Religious Freedom, an independent, bipartisan federal agency. In a letter from Chairman Michael Cromartie to Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice, he urges the U.S. government to address the severe threats to Iraq's smallest religious minorities.  

"We commend Mr. Cromartie on the letter and fully support his message," said Jackie Bejan with the Chaldean Assyrian Syriac Council of America (CASCA).

In the letter Cromartie writes, "While all Iraqis are threatened by violence, the non-Muslim minorities face particularized forms of harassment and abuse; what is more, these groups appear to suffer a degree of violent attacks and other human rights abuses disproportionate to their numbers."

The Commission urges the U.S. government to take more effective action to respond to the flood of refugees and internally displaced people—a crisis that has grown in part due to sectarian violence.  The Commission will hold the second of two public hearings on the situation in Iraq on Sept. 19.  This hearing will examine intra-Muslim sectarian violence, including what role, if any, the Iraqi government currently plays in that violence.  That hearing will also examine U.S. policy in relation to Iraq's refugee crisis. 

 In the letter, the Commission urges several steps the U.S. government and Iraqis can take to boost protection of Iraq's endangered religious minority communities, including police training and the U.S. government convening a symposium of minority representatives to examine ways to improve security.  It calls for increased humanitarian and development assistance and measures to ensure that aid reaches the intended beneficiaries.  The Commission also recommends increased U.S. support for international agencies working with displaced people. 

The Chaldean Assyrian Syriac Council of America (CASCA) is a non-profit organization dedicated to matters of public policy and political purpose of the common benefit of the society of Assyrian/Chaldean/Syriac people in Diaspora and those in the indigenous lands of Bet-Nahrain.

For additional information, please visit http://www.uscirf.gov  or contact Jackie Bejan at jbejan@casca.us.

Following is the full text of Chairman Michael Cromartie to Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice:

The Honorable Condoleezza Rice
Secretary of State
United States Department of State
2201 C Street NW
Washington, DC 20520

Dear Secretary Rice:

On behalf of the United States Commission on International Religious Freedom, I strongly urge you to give the highest attention to the severe threat facing the smallest religious minorities in Iraq. During the Commission's meeting with you this past May, we expressed concern that the U.S. government was not taking adequate action to provide protection for these ancient communities, who include ChaldoAssyrian Christians, Sabean Mandaeans, Yazidis, and others, and that as a result of extremist violence and government harassment, they are facing extinction from lands they have occupied for over 2,000 years. While all Iraqis are threatened by violence, the non-Muslim minorities face particularized forms of harassment and abuse; what is more, these groups appear to suffer a degree of violent attacks and other human rights abuses disproportionate to their numbers. Indeed, last month's heinous attack deliberately targeting the Yazidi community was only the latest in a long line of similar attacks against similarly defenseless non-Muslim targets in Iraq.

As you know, the Commission has long been raising concern about the plight of Iraq's religious minorities with Administration officials. As far back as December 2004, the Commission wrote to President Bush regarding the escalation of violent attacks against members of these groups. Earlier this year, the Commission added Iraq to its Watch List due to the alarming and deteriorating religious freedom conditions for all Iraqis, including the religious minorities. In July, the Commission held a hearing on the threats these minority communities face. We received testimony of minority members viciously and deliberately victimized by militants—and, witnesses claimed, even members of the police and security forces—that included murder, torture, and abductions for ransom; of parishioners sleeping on the floors of churches to escape death squads and insurgents; of families being given just one hour to vacate their homes; of expropriated land, forced conversions and extortion in the form of taxes on non-Muslims.

On September 19, the Commission will hold a second public hearing on the grave situation in Iraq. This hearing will examine the causes, dimensions, and patterns of intra-Muslim sectarian violence, including the extent to which individual Muslims are being targeted

for killings and other violence on account of their religious identity and what role, if any, the Iraqi government currently plays in that violence. That hearing will also examine U.S. policy in relation to Iraq's refugee crisis, focusing on internal displacement and Iraqis sheltering in neighboring countries.

Grave Threat to Religious Minorities

Violence against members of Iraq's Christian community occurs throughout the country, and the Commission has raised particular concern about reports from Baghdad, Mosul, Basra, and the northern Kurdish regions. Other reported abuses include the assassination of Christian religious leaders, the bombing and destruction of churches, enforced conformity with strict Islamic dress and behavioral codes, and violent threats that have forced people from their homes. In some areas, ordinary Christians have reportedly stopped participating in public religious services for fear of inviting further violence. Though smaller in number, Sabean Mandaeans and Yazidis have suffered similar abuses, as has the dwindling Jewish community. Extremists view members of these groups as infidels or outsiders who must be eliminated. What is more, religious minority communities reportedly lack means of protection, including local militia structures that might otherwise provide security.

Faced with these harsh realities, thousands of members of Iraqi religious minorities have fled the country, seeking refuge in neighboring states and among growing diaspora communities in the West. According to some reports, nearly half of Iraq's indigenous Christian population is now living outside the country. Although comprising only 4-5 percent of Iraq's pre-war population, the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) reports that almost 40 percent of registered refugees are Christians. According to the Mandaean Society of America, approximately 85 percent of Iraqi Mandaeans have fled their country since 2003.

With almost 2.2 million persons displaced within Iraq, equaling the number of Iraqis who have fled the country, there will soon be more internally displaced Iraqis than Iraqi refugees. Those fleeing sectarian violence are moving from religious and ethnically mixed communities to homogeneous ones as they seek safety and protection. In the case of the non-Muslim groups, many are moving to the Nineveh Plains, an area located south of the Kurdish Regional Governorate and constituting a portion of the Nineveh Governorate.

Commission Recommendations

With the rising sectarian violence, the Iraqi internally displaced persons (IDP) and refugee crises require heightened attention and more effective action by the U.S. government. Given the urgency of their plight, it was proposed at our May meeting that the U.S. government hold a series of conferences, both in and outside Iraq, bringing together representatives of Iraq's non-Muslim minorities, particularly civic leaders, mayors, and other locally elected officials, to hear directly from them what the United States could do to ensure their protection—indeed, their very survival—in Iraq. We respectfully request that you instruct the Department of State to follow up on this proposal, as there is clearly a pressing need to safeguard the presence of these ancient communities on their ancestral lands.

In taking this and other actions to protect Iraq's endangered minority religious communities, the Commission respectfully proposes that the U.S. government should:

— Urgently convene, as discussed at our May 11 meeting, the symposium or summit of civic leaders, elected officials, and other representatives of Iraq's endangered religious minority communities to learn first-hand what actions could be taken to advance their security in Iraq. Among the actions that might be discussed at such a conference, in order to enforce protections for these minority communities, is the initiative to create an autonomous administrative district in the Nineveh Plains, as provided under article 125 of the Iraqi Constitution.

— Ensure that the U.S. government contributes promptly and sufficiently to UNHCR's revised appeal on Iraq to address the humanitarian concerns of Iraq's displaced population, encouraging other nations also to contribute to this appeal by our own example.

— Increase humanitarian assistance to Iraq, ensuring that non-Muslim minorities who, in the face of disproportionate levels of violence and fear of persecution, are fleeing to the Nineveh Plains, receive adequate aid; direct that that aid be distributed in coordination with local humanitarian and civil society organizations and international humanitarian agencies, as appropriate; and ensure that assistance reaches the intended beneficiaries.

— Support, working in consultation with civic leaders, elected officials , and other representatives of minority religious groups, basic infrastructure development projects, including water, electricity, and roads, in the largely undeveloped Nineveh Plains so that members of minority religious communities fleeing violence can resettle in a region that is the ancestral land for many of them, and seek international support for these and similar initiatives.

— Urge, at the highest levels, the Kurdish Regional Government (KRG) to respond to complaints that it is taking or encroaching on these ancestral lands and the other areas in the Nineveh Plains populated by members of Iraq's minority religious communities, and ensure that the KRG is not facilitating any form of encroachment; and urge the KRG to investigate and hold accountable any officials or others acting in the name of the KRG who have improperly exercised power to deprive local minority communities of their property, land, houses, or other items essential to their survival.

— Authorize U.S. police trainers to train local police forces in the Nineveh Plains from among the minority religious communities—most of whom are defenseless victims of various Sunni, Shi'a, or Kurdish militants—so that they can protect the security of their community members and themselves, and investigate any alleged abuse of power by KRG officials.

— Work promptly, both independently and with its allies, to facilitate family reunification abroad for the remaining—and reportedly highly vulnerable—small Jewish minority.

— Reexamine and subject to independent review U.S. government data collection procedures with regard to killings, abuses, and other atrocities in Iraq, particularly those collection procedures carried out by the Department of Defense, to ensure maximum reliability and accuracy, and add explicit data categories to record the killings and other abuses that specifically target religious minority communities there. Maintaining accurate data in this area is crucial, especially in light of the grave threat facing many of those ancient communities.

— Ensure the continuation of privately-run peace and reconciliation efforts among Iraq's various religious leaders and facilitate these exchanges, despite ongoing insecurity, by providing, as appropriate, for such sessions to be held outside Iraq.

After our next hearing, the Commission intends to issue additional recommendations on Iraq addressing the problem of the intra-Muslim sectarian violence and related religious freedom abuses, which we plan to forward to you at that time.

Madame Secretary, the situation for the non-Muslim minority communities in Iraq has gone beyond critical. As we said when we met with you, it is time for the U.S. government to act. Canon White told us at our July hearing that "We … need to face the fact that we in the coalition have seriously ignored and failed to deal with the plight of minorities. Therefore we must accept a considerable amount of responsibility for the present crisis." Clearly, given the U.S. government's role in the developments that have resulted in the dire situation currently facing the imperiled members of Iraq's religious minority communities, our country has a special obligation to provide them protection and thereby attempt to secure their continued existence in Iraq.

Sincerely,

Michael Cromartie
Chair

cc: John D. Negroponte, Deputy Secretary of State
R. Nicholas Burns, Undersecretary of State for Political Affairs
Paula J. Dobriansky, Undersecretary of State for Democracy and Global Affairs
Jonathan Farrar, Acting Assistant Secretary of State for Democracy, Human Rights, &  Labor
John V. Hanford, III, Ambassador at Large for International Religious Freedom
David Satterfield, Senior Adviser, Coordinator for Iraq
Stephen J. Hadley, National Security Advisor
Michael G. Kozak, Senior Director for Democracy, Human Rights and International    Organizations, National Security Council

U.S. Called to Secure Existence of Endangered Iraqis

Courtesy of the Christian Post
By Michelle Vu
11 September 2007

(ZNDA: Washington)  Politicians, pundits, and the media are in a frenzy this week over Iraq as the top U.S. commander in Iraq and the U.S. ambassador to the war-torn country testify before Congress.

Troop withdrawal, Iraq government progress or lack thereof, and Sunni-Shiite violence are highly popular topics of discussion. Very little, however, has been said about one of Iraq’s most endangered communities – the indigenous Christian population.

Since the 2003 U.S.-led offensive, nearly 2.2 million Iraqis have left the country. Christians, who account for only three percent of the Iraq’s population, are estimated to make up nearly half of all the refugees fleeing the country, according to the U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees.

“The situation is more than desperate,” said the Rev. Canon Andrew White, who leads one of the largest churches in Iraq, at a U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom (USCIRF) hearing in July. “The Coalition has failed the Christians. We have done nothing to support the Christian community or the increase Christian suffering.”

White is vicar of the 1,300-membered St. George’s Anglican Church in Baghdad where he says the U.S. commander in Iraq, Gen. David Petraeus, attends service.

In response to the growing refugee crisis, USCIRF wrote a letter last week to Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice urging the U.S. government to address the serious threats to Iraq’s religious minorities.

“While all Iraqis are threatened by violence, the non-Muslim minorities face particularized forms of harassment and abuse; what is more, these groups appear to suffer a degree of violent attacks and other human rights abuses disproportionate to their numbers,” read the letter dated Sept. 5 and signed by Chairman Michael Cromartie on behalf of the Commission.

The letter specifically mentioned Chaldo-Assyrian Christians as one of the ancient communities facing intense persecution and possible “extinction” in Iraq. Assyrian Christians draw their lineage back to Babylonian times and are one of the oldest Christian communities in the world.

Reported abuses against Iraqi Christians include the assassinations of Christian religious leaders, bombings and destruction of churches, enforced conformity with strict Islamic dress and behavioral codes, and violent threats that have forced people from their homes, according to USCIRF.

“The situation for the non-Muslim minority communities in Iraq has gone beyond critical,” emphasized the federal government agency.

“Clearly, given the U.S. government’s role in the developments that have resulted in the dire situation currently facing the imperiled members of Iraq’s religious minority communities, our country has a special obligation to provide them protection and thereby attempt to secure their existence in Iraq.”

During his presentation to Congress, Patraeus said that the troop surge has been effective in helping to stabilize Iraq. He also said the 30,000 additional troops could come home by next July, but planning for further U.S. withdrawals would be “premature,” according to CNN.

The U.S. commander in Iraq has been praised by the Rev. White for doing an “incredible job” despite the difficulties he faces working with an unstable Iraqi government and overall environment.

Assyrians in Germany Demonstrate For Assyrians in Iraq

(ZNDA: Berlin)  On 7 September some 60 Assyrians held a protest in front of the U.S. Embassy in Berlin to protest the lack of attention for the Assyrians of Iraq and their aggravating conditions as internally displaced people and refugees in Syria and Jordan.

Participants in the protest included members of the Assyrian political parties and churches in Germany. 

Assyrians in Germany protest the treatment of their fellow Assyrians in Iraq in front of the U.S. Embassy in Berlin. Photo courtesy of AJM-Online.

Iraqi Man Smuggled Across US Border Granted Asylum

Courtesy of the Associated Press
30 August 2007

(ZNDA: San Antonio)  An Iraqi Christian who used migrant smugglers to slip him into the United States after escaping persecution in his home country has been granted political asylum and will be allowed to stay.

An immigration judge granted [Amir Behnan Polous] Aamr Bahnan Boles' request on Wednesday after hearing testimony about brutality Boles could face if deported to Iraq. Prosecutors did not object to Boles' asylum request.

"I only asked you for your mercy," the 26-year-old Boles said. "And I thank you very much."

Boles escaped from Iraq and went to Syria, Russia, Cuba and then Guatemala before making his way through Mexico to the Texas border, where he was captured with two other young Iraqi men as they swam the Rio Grande in April 2006.

The trio claimed asylum on grounds they were subjected to brutality and threats in Iraq because of their faith.

Boles told the San Antonio Express-News that he hopes to use his new legal status to help his family escape Iraq.

Amir Polous' escape route from Iraq to Syria, Russia, Cuba, Central America, and then across the US-Mexico border into Texas.  Such escape routes from Iraq to the nearby Mid-East countries, to Russia or the Indian sub-continent and then to Central or South America on through Mexico and finally into U.S. are becoming familiar patterns of escape for desperate Assyrians of Iraq. With nearly one million Assyrian refugees in Jordan and Syria, the plight of the Iraqi Christians is expected to be the worst in modern history. The U.S. government and the Bush Administration continues to disregard any solutions within and outside the Iraqi borders for the Christians of Iraq.  (Map by Zinda Magazine)

Possible Assyrian-Iraqis Captured in Peru en Route to U.S.

Courtesy of the Washington Times
11 September 2007
By Kelly Hearn

One of the 10 Iraqis arrested in Peru was clutching this Assyrian flag. A Peruvian investigator dismissed the idea that they were Chaldean Christians seeking asylum in the U.S.

(ZNDA: Lima)  Ten Iraqi citizens with forged passports and documents are in a Peruvian prison after an apparent bid to enter the United States on a flight to Los Angeles, officials say.

An 11th Iraqi man thought to be part of the group is at large.

One of the men arrested is thought to have links to al Qaeda, said Peruvian National Police Col. Roberto Lujan, who is leading the investigation.

The capture of the 10 in this Andean nation raises the specter of a smuggling ring that could touch neighboring Ecuador.

The plot unfolded on June 21, when three Iraqis entered Jorge Chavez International Airport in Lima attempting to board a flight to Los Angeles.

Airline officials alerted police after two of the men holding Dutch passports could not speak Dutch. Citizens of the Netherlands are not required to hold a visa to enter the United States.

Police detained the suspects and learned that another group of Iraqis had been en route to the airport.

"The others were slowed by traffic on their way to the airport," Col. Lujan said. "When they arrived, they apparently saw what was happening and left."

Police said the Iraqis entered Peru on May 11 and passed through the Dominican Republic, Costa Rica and Ecuador without authorities noticing that their documents were fake.

Peruvian intelligence units spent several days watching Mr. Pati, who was residing in the upscale Lima neighborhood Miraflores, Col. Lujan said. Others thought to be part of the smuggling ring also were watched.

On the night of July 17, police raided three apartments where the suspects were living and arrested seven persons, including Mr. Pati.

Mr. Pati confirmed that all of the suspects were Iraqis. Two had Dutch passports, two carried Ecuadoran identification and two held Iraqi passports, police said. Mr. Pati carried an Ecuadoran passport, Col. Lujan said.

Authorities found no weapons but seized a laptop computer and cell phones that they turned over to Interpol in France.

An 11th person was not in the apartment at the time of the raid and is at large, officials said.

Those detained are brothers Dane-K-Mansour, 26, and Nail Mansour, 29, Mushtaq-y-Hana, 24, Loayi-s-Elda, 29, Jaboo Pati-Rafid, 40, Adelmika Homow, 61, Salema Hazim, 53, Ala Tomina, 30, Istab Hekmat, 28, and Rafid Joboo Pati, 40.

"The Iraqis refused to give the name of the missing individual," Col. Lujan said.

Interpol advised Peruvian police that two of the Dutch passports were reported stolen last year.

"We have been told by Interpol sources in Lima that fingerprints of one of the men carrying a Dutch passport have been sent to Baghdad and is thought to have links to al Qaeda," Col. Lujan said, adding that he could not identify the man for security reasons.

All are detained at Lima"s Lurigancho prison. They are prohibited from giving interviews to the press.

The suspects were not employed during their stay in the high-end neighborhood, authorities said.

"Someone was funding them but we do not know who yet," Col. Lujan said, adding that his department is working on the investigation with U.S. officials and Interpol.

"We are very satisfied with how the Peruvian authorities are handling the matter," said Sam Wunder, a U.S. Embassy spokesman in Lima. "We are very interested in finding out more about these people."

U.S. officials in Washington would not comment on the investigation because it is continuing.

Col. Lujan rejected a theory that the men could be Chaldean Christians, a group said to frequently attempt entry to the United States on claims of religious persecution in Iraq.

"These people were not part of a group," he said. "Besides the brothers, they did not even know each other."

One man was arrested while clutching a flag of unknown origin. A photo shows the flag to have a white background with four squiggly blue and red lines converging onto a four-pointed light blue symbol that is similar to those found on Chaldean flags.

Officials said they do not know whether other Iraqi smuggling rings have operated in the country. One police official who declined to be identified said he doubted the ring was still operating in Peru.

"They might be in Ecuador because they know we are looking for them here," Col. Lujan said.

The detainees noted in the above article may indeed be Assyrians of Chaldean faith from Iraq, misidentified by the Peruvian authorities in Lima.  Zinda Magazine urges the Assyrian federations in the United States, Europe, and Australia to contact the Peruvian Embassies in their adopted countries at once and follow-up with the authorities in Lima.  The Peruvian Embassy in D.C. can be contacted at (202) 833-9860.  Fax: (202) 659-8124.

Hezekiah Inscription in Turkey to Return to Israel

Courtesy of the Washington Times
5 September 2007
By Jay Bushinsky

The Hezekiah Inscription (photo courtesy of the Washington Times)

(ZNDA: Jerusalem)  An ancient inscription memorializing Jerusalem's salvation from Assyrian invaders 2,700 years ago is to be returned to Israel from Turkey for study and public display.

Israel has been trying for about 20 years to recover the artifact, which marks one of the most important turning points in Hebrew history.

Assyrian forces under King Sennacherib controlled most of the Middle East in the early 8th century B.C. and were about to march on Jerusalem, where a defiant King Hezekiah ruled.

Anticipating a prolonged siege, Hezekiah ordered the construction of a tunnel connecting the city to the Gihon Spring outside its walls, ensuring a source of drinking water. The water collected inside the Judean capital at the Pool of Siloam, where centuries later Jesus is said in the Gospel of John to have cured a man who had been blind since birth.

An inscription inside the tunnel described the dramatic moment when stonecutters working from either end converged in the middle.

In 1880, a Jewish boy discovered the so-called Hezekiah Inscription, also known as the Siloam Inscription, engraved in ancient Hebrew letters in the tunnel's limestone wall.

"A segment of the tunnel wall's surface had been flattened and smoothed so that the inscription could be carved into the limestone," said Gabriel Barkay, a senior archaeology lecturer at the Bar-Ilan University.

Mr. Barkay said Conrad Schick, a German national who had been living in Jerusalem since 1846, publicized the find. He made a papier-mache likeness known as a gypsum plate copy and photographed the inscription.

The date of the inscription was determined on the basis of its contents and historical context.

A Greek antiquities dealer tried to remove it from the tunnel wall, but succeeded only in breaking it into several pieces.

Ottoman Turkish authorities who ruled Palestine at the time appropriated the inscription and shipped it to Istanbul — formerly Constantinople — for safekeeping. The artifact has been kept since then in the Museum of the Ancient East near the Topkapi Palace.

Jerusalem Mayor Teddy Kollek made the first attempt to retrieve the inscription for contemporary Israel two decades ago. Last month, Mayor Uri Lupolianski asked for it again at a meeting with Turkish Ambassador Namik Tan. The ambassador said it would be returned in accordance with international law as a loan rather than a restitution.

A member of the Turkish Embassy's staff in Tel Aviv said the inscription could be deposited in Jerusalem "on a long-term basis" if some kind of reciprocity was made. Otherwise, it may stay at the Israel Museum for as little as three months.

Mr. Barkay suggested that the diplomat was hoping for a loan of items dating from the Ottoman Empire's 400-year-long rule over Palestine. Most of this material is stored in Israel's state archive, he said.

The inscription's text is dramatic and vivid. According to one translation, it states:

"While the excavators were still lifting up their picks, each toward his fellow, and while there were yet three cubits to excavate, there was heard the voice of one calling to another, for there was a crevice in the rock, on the right hand. And on the day they completed the boring, the stonecutters struck pick against pick, one against the other, and the water flowed from the spring to the pool."

The tunnel through solid rock — 1,750 feet long, 15 feet high and 29 feet wide — took four years to cut, Mr. Barkay said.

He said the Hezekiah Inscription "is corroborated perfectly" by Sennacherib's written account of his campaign to subjugate Judea and conquer Jerusalem.

Several original copies of Sennacherib's cuneiform text are displayed at the British Museum in London, the Museum of Chicago's Oriental Institute and the Israel Museum in Jerusalem. His text contains a colorful comment about his dealings with King Hezekiah.

"Fear of my greatness terrified Hezekiah," it states. "He sent to me tribute: 30 talents of silver, precious stones, ivory and all sorts of gifts including women from his palace."

By then, Sennacherib had subjugated 46 other Judean cities and compelled them to pay him tribute. He said he "enclosed Hezekiah in his capital of Judea like a bird in a cage."

His father and predecessor, Sargon II, conquered the northern Kingdom of Israel and expelled the 10 tribes that inhabited it. One of the underlying causes of Sennacherib's invasion of Judea, Mr. Barkay said, was Hezekiah's formation of an anti-Assyrian coalition that included Egypt.

The prophet Isaiah opposed this policy vigorously and eloquently, speaking against tenuous alliances with unpredictable neighbors.

His condemnation is expressed in Isaiah 31:1: "Woe to them that go down to Egypt for help; and stay on horses, and trust in chariots, because [they are] many; and in horsemen, because they are very strong; but they look not unto the Holy One of Israel, neither seek the Lord!"

The Bible says the king then prayed to God that Jerusalem be spared from Assyrian attack. Sennacherib withdrew his forces shortly afterward.

Hezekiah's water-diversion project is cited in the Old Testament's II Chronicles 32:30: "It was Hezekiah who stopped up the spring of water of upper Gihon leading it downward west of the City of David," Jerusalem's ancient core.

Assessing the Wounds of an Ancient Assyrian Ruler

Courtesy of the New York Times
31 August 2007
By Wendy Moonan

(ZNDA: New York)  Archaeologists are all abuzz about some enormous, newly reinstalled ninth-century B.C. Assyrian sculptures at the Bowdoin College Museum of Art in Brunswick, Me. They say they can’t wait until it reopens on Oct. 14, after a two-year, $20 million renovation and expansion, to see what curators discovered when they remounted five ancient bas reliefs from a royal compound at Nimrud in northern Iraq.

Detail of one of the five Assyrian reliefs in the Bowdoin College Museum of Art (courtesy of the Bowdoin College Museum of Art)

One in particular has elicited attention. Beautifully carved in gypsum and nearly six feet tall, it depicts in profile a regal figure walking to the viewer’s right. He can be identified as a king because he wears a tall, conical hat, a symbol of power and prestige. He wears a long embroidered cape, an elaborate earring, a necklace and a bracelet with a large rosette, and carries a dagger and whetstone. He raises his right arm in a gesture of acknowledgment or greeting. His left hand holds a bow, the symbol of his patroness, the goddess of war and love.

But something is very wrong here. The king has been disfigured. His bow is broken in the middle. His right wrist and his Achilles tendons have been brutally slashed. His nose and ears are damaged, and one eye has been chipped out. The bottom of his beard has been hacked away.

Amazingly, curators discovered these “injuries” only after the reliefs were moved to the museum’s new wing from the dark rotunda in the old landmark museum building, a magnificent Renaissance-style loggia that McKim Mead and White completed in 1894.

“After the reinstallation, when we could finally see the reliefs in daylight, some 19th-century repairs became very visible, particularly the plaster infill on the panel of the king with the bow,” said Katy Kline, the director of the Bowdoin museum. “Of course all our reliefs have been around for 2,500 years — they were all roughly treated — and we knew there were some repairs, but the damage to the others didn’t seem as deliberate as it did on the one of the king and bow. The more we studied the strategic location of the cuts on it, the more we got interested.”

The defaced king is Ashurnasirpal II, an ambitious ruler of Assyria from 883 to 859 B.C. In 879 he established a new capital for his empire in Kalhu, now called Nimrud, about 20 miles southeast of Mosul. He built a vast walled city, with a citadel, temples, royal palaces and residences for thousands of people he forcibly settled there. All of the reliefs at Bowdoin are from the northwest palace there, except the one with the disfigured king.

“It probably comes from a temple in the citadel,” said Barbara N. Porter, an independent scholar and research associate at the Harvard Semitic Museum. Ms. Porter, an authority on ancient Assyrian art, has written widely on Bowdoin’s reliefs.

This year, when curators identified the plaster restorations to the king, “we had to decide if we would leave the repairs or explore the apparent damaged parts to see if there was more to learn,” said James A. Higginbotham, associate curator for ancient art at the museum. They removed the plaster additions.

Assyrian relief detail showing disfigured face and slashed wrist (courtesy of the Bowdoin College Museum of Art)

They now conclude it was the Medes tribes from the east (currently Iran) who disfigured the relief when they conquered Kalhu in 612 B.C.

“The Medes were former vassals of the Assyrians, and while they may have had some help taking Kalhu, the circumstantial evidence for the mutilation points to them,” Mr. Higginbotham said. “What’s clear is that the people who occupied the palace purposefully went about defacing certain reliefs. They were very selective.

“They saw the images of the king as embodying the power itself.” Ms. Porter added: “It’s retaliation against the visual image of an Assyrian kingship, even though Ashurnasirpal II had been dead since the 800s, and Kalhu was no longer the center of the political empire. It could be seen as a magical attack as well as a symbolic disfiguration.”

Bowdoin’s other reliefs depict the king as warrior, priest and protector of Assyria. Each has a cuneiform text in Akkadian listing his many victories and accomplishments. Often the king is accompanied by protective deities — bird-headed supernatural guardians and winged human figures — and stylized representations of the tree of life.

At one time dozens of these larger-than-life figures on stone reliefs lined the king’s throne room. Originally painted in bright colors, they were meant to intimidate visitors. In the past 150 years they have also fascinated archaeologists.

The Assyrian Gallery as seen through the Museum's new glass curtain wall (courtesy of the Bowdoin College Museum of Art)

The excavation of ancient Kalhu began in the 1840s, when Austen Henry Layard, a 28-year-old British diplomat stationed in Baghdad, became convinced that a series of earth mounds along the Tigris River might be an ancient capital. He secretly hired Arab tribesmen to dig in the mounds and immediately found an ancient palace compound, complete with murals, ivories and wall carvings.

Assuming, wrongly, that it was the ancient Biblical city of Nineveh, he excavated several wall reliefs and sent them, via camel, river raft and ship, to the British Museum for safekeeping. Then he returned to England, where he was knighted for his discoveries.

“It’s possible the locals were not happy Layard was there,” Mr. Higginbotham said. “His tools were taken and he kidnapped a man to get them back. There was suspicion of foreigners.”

After Layard’s departure, archaeologists flocked to Kalhu and its extraordinary reliefs were scattered across the globe (to museums in Mumbai, Baghdad, London and New York). American missionaries in the Middle East were particularly anxious to claim them, because they thought they proved the veracity of the Bible. (Genesis 10:8-12, for example, discusses the “great city” of Calah — same as Kalhu — and how the “mighty hunter” Nimrod established the dynasty of the Assyrians.) Among those missionaries was Dr. Henri Byron Haskell, who sent five panels to his alma mater, Bowdoin, in the 1850s.

“It was the beginning of an awareness of the wider world of the Bible, a revolution really, because it confirmed the idea that the Bible was historically accurate,” Ms. Porter said. “These carvings were suddenly a blinding light on a world that up to then was essentially lost.”

The enormous carved reliefs can still evoke excitement. “We’re already planning a symposium to discuss our discoveries,” Mr. Higginbotham said.

UAT Instructor Creates Cuneiform and Hieroglyphic Translator

(ZNDA: Phoenix)  University of Advancing Technology (UAT) instructor and senior web developer Joe McCormack has completed work on a web-based application that translates English words into cuneiform script from the Assyrian, Babylonian, Sumerian and the hieroglyphic script of Egyptian. The tool may be seen here: virtualsecrets.com.

The translator works by converting cuneiform and hieroglyphs, both used in the earliest forms of writing, into English words. For example, typing "I am a father" into the Ancient Egyptian translator yields hieroglyphs that roughly translate to "I am" and "father." The translator has been featured on several museum websites around the world and websites specializing in resources for the ancient world.

McCormack, a UAT web developer by trade, worked more than 1,000 hours on researching the cuneiform and hieroglyphic and building the tool and its accompanying website. Inspiration for the project stemmed from his fascination with the science fiction television series "Stargate SG-1," which featured ancient Egyptian mythology and symbols as plot points. These caught McCormack's eye and lead to his research.

The website translator engine took approximately an hour to create, with the language database occupying two hundred hours to line up cuneiforms and hieroglyphics with text descriptors and make a hierarchy to prioritize the information.

"One of the reasons something as big as what I've done hasn't been done before is that there are thousands and thousands of symbols," said McCormack.

McCormack is talking with museums and institutions to garner further exposure. In particular, the Egyptian translator has been a hit; more than half of the 1,100 daily hits stem from the Egyptian hieroglyphic alone. More than 30 countries in six continents are using the website for translations.

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